5 Other operating income

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€ million

 

2017

 

2016

 

 

 

 

 

Income from reversal of valuation allowances on receivables and other assets

 

1,043

 

847

Income from reversal of provisions and accruals

 

4,384

 

3,738

Income from foreign currency hedging derivatives

 

2,259

 

1,739

Income from foreign exchange gains

 

2,656

 

2,842

Income from sale of promotional material

 

502

 

440

Income from cost allocations

 

1,386

 

1,222

Income from investment property

 

16

 

14

Gains on asset disposals and the reversal of impairment losses

 

212

 

363

Miscellaneous other operating income

 

2,041

 

1,843

 

 

14,500

 

13,049

Income from the reversal of provisions and accrued liabilities is mainly attributable to a reduction in provisions. A further breakdown can be found in the “Noncurrent and current other provisions” section. Foreign exchange gains mainly comprise gains from changes in exchange rates between the dates of recognition and payment of receivables and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies, as well as exchange rate gains resulting from measurement at the closing rate. Foreign exchange losses from these items are included in other operating expenses.