12 Intangible assets

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CHANGES IN INTANGIBLE ASSETS IN THE PERIOD JANUARY 1 TO DECEMBER 31, 2016

€ million

 

Brand names

 

Goodwill

 

Capitalized development costs for products under development

 

Capitalized development costs for products currently in use

 

Other intangible assets

 

Total

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cost
Balance at Jan. 1, 2016

 

17,062

 

23,646

 

6,781

 

23,681

 

8,529

 

79,699

Foreign exchange differences

 

−37

 

−86

 

−12

 

−90

 

137

 

−89

Changes in consolidated Group

 

 

9

 

 

 

29

 

37

Additions

 

 

 

4,857

 

893

 

385

 

6,135

Transfers

 

 

 

−4,324

 

4,324

 

12

 

12

Disposals

 

 

10

 

17

 

1,442

 

456

 

1,925

Balance at Dec. 31, 2016

 

17,024

 

23,559

 

7,285

 

27,366

 

8,637

 

83,870

Amortization and impairment
Balance at Jan. 1, 2016

 

76

 

 

37

 

12,968

 

5,472

 

18,553

Foreign exchange differences

 

5

 

0

 

0

 

−80

 

84

 

9

Changes in consolidated Group

 

 

 

 

 

7

 

7

Additions to cumulative amortization

 

3

 

 

 

3,278

 

906

 

4,187

Additions to cumulative impairment losses

 

 

10

 

16

 

293

 

55

 

375

Transfers

 

 

 

0

 

 

−3

 

−3

Disposals

 

 

10

 

14

 

1,419

 

412

 

1,855

Reversal of impairment losses

 

 

 

 

1

 

0

 

1

Balance at Dec. 31, 2016

 

84

 

0

 

39

 

15,040

 

6,109

 

21,271

Carrying amount at Dec. 31, 2016

 

16,941

 

23,558

 

7,246

 

12,326

 

2,527

 

62,599

  (XLS:) Download

CHANGES IN INTANGIBLE ASSETS IN THE PERIOD JANUARY 1 TO DECEMBER 31, 2017

€ million

 

Brand names

 

Goodwill

 

Capitalized development costs for products under development

 

Capitalized development costs for products currently in use

 

Other intangible assets

 

Total

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cost
Balance at Jan. 1, 2017

 

17,024

 

23,559

 

7,285

 

27,366

 

8,637

 

83,870

Foreign exchange differences

 

−30

 

−91

 

−44

 

−183

 

−192

 

−539

Changes in consolidated Group

 

 

−18

 

 

 

−112

 

−130

Additions

 

 

 

4,080

 

1,180

 

528

 

5,788

Transfers

 

 

 

−4,197

 

4,197

 

−7

 

−7

Disposals

 

 

7

 

10

 

3,607

 

266

 

3,890

Balance at Dec. 31, 2017

 

16,995

 

23,443

 

7,115

 

28,952

 

8,588

 

85,093

Amortization and impairment
Balance at Jan. 1, 2017

 

84

 

0

 

39

 

15,040

 

6,109

 

21,271

Foreign exchange differences

 

−3

 

0

 

0

 

−122

 

−138

 

−263

Changes in consolidated Group

 

 

0

 

 

 

−84

 

−84

Additions to cumulative amortization

 

3

 

 

 

3,345

 

831

 

4,178

Additions to cumulative impairment losses

 

 

7

 

57

 

332

 

1

 

397

Transfers

 

 

 

 

 

2

 

2

Disposals

 

 

7

 

 

3,595

 

226

 

3,827

Reversal of impairment losses

 

 

 

 

 

 

Balance at Dec. 31, 2017

 

83

 

0

 

95

 

14,999

 

6,496

 

21,674

Carrying amount at Dec. 31, 2017

 

16,911

 

23,442

 

7,020

 

13,953

 

2,093

 

63,419

Other intangible assets comprise in particular concessions, purchased customer lists and dealer relationships, industrial and similar rights, and licenses in such rights and assets.

The allocation of the brand names and goodwill to the operating segments is shown in the following table:

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€ million

 

2017

 

2016

 

 

 

 

 

Brand names by operating segment

 

 

 

 

Porsche

 

13,823

 

13,823

Scania Vehicles and Services

 

990

 

1,017

MAN Truck & Bus

 

1,127

 

1,127

MAN Diesel & Turbo

 

415

 

415

Ducati

 

404

 

404

Other

 

153

 

155

 

 

16,911

 

16,941

Goodwill by operating segment

 

 

 

 

Porsche

 

18,825

 

18,825

Scania Vehicles and Services

 

2,866

 

2,947

MAN Truck & Bus

 

595

 

608

MAN Diesel & Turbo

 

268

 

249

Ducati

 

290

 

290

ŠKODA

 

159

 

150

Porsche Holding Salzburg

 

151

 

197

Other

 

289

 

293

 

 

23,442

 

23,558

The impairment test for recognized goodwill is based on value in use. Recoverability is not affected by a variation in the growth forecast with respect to the perpetual annuity or in the discount rate of +/−0.5 percentage points.

Research and development costs developed as follows:

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€ million

 

2017

 

2016

 

%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total research and development costs

 

13,141

 

13,672

 

−3.9

of which: capitalized development costs

 

5,260

 

5,750

 

−8.5

Capitalization ratio in %

 

40.0

 

42.1

 

Amortization of capitalized development costs

 

3,734

 

3,587

 

4.1

Research and development costs recognized in profit or loss

 

11,614

 

11,509

 

0.9